The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was the nation's first state university to open its doors. Several national publications publish rankings that list Carolina prominently in categories ranging from academic quality to affordability to diversity to public service to international presence. It has been ranked 1st among the 100 best U.S. public colleges and universities ranked by Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine; the highest ranking for any major public research university-in the 2004 "Black Enterprise-DayStar Top 50 Colleges and Universities for African Americans" list. In the fall 2005, the university enrolled its second class of 346 Carolina Covenant Scholars who can graduate without debt. Students and their families must be at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level; the threshold being a family of four with an annual income of about $37,000 or a single parent with a child who makes about $24,000. Carolina led its public university peers in 2005-06 with the number of students winning distinguished scholarships and was exceeded by only a half-dozen universities including the Ivy League. Adam Roberts, a junior won a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, an award to students who show a strong commitment to careers in mathematics, natural sciences or engineering. UNC's public service programs reach every region of North Carolina, helping communities protect public health, improve schools and medical services and enrich the quality of people's daily lives.